202
SPECIAL TOPICUnderstand the capabilities that make it work

INTERCOMPANY 202 · PROCESS MECHANICS

How does affiliate-supplied direct delivery work?

Singapore sells to the external customer but sources the order from European headquarters. SAP uses a third-party-style procurement chain to connect Singapore’s sales order to European HQ supply, direct customer delivery, internal settlement, and customer billing.

SCENARIO BOUNDARY

Intercompany relationship, direct-delivery mechanics

The supplier is an affiliated company, so the commercial relationship is intercompany. The Singapore sales item nevertheless creates procurement demand through TAS, a purchase requisition, and a purchase order.

THIS SCENARIOEuropean HQ is the group supplier

Singapore uses a PO to source the customer order from its affiliated European headquarters. Europe delivers directly to the customer.

CLASSIC INTERCOMPANYAnother company-code plant delivers

The selling sales organisation uses a delivering plant assigned to another company code and follows the classic or advanced intercompany billing model.

Intercompany direct-delivery flow

Select any stage to explore

SALES TRIGGER

TAS changes what the sales item does next

The sales order remains the customer-facing commercial document, but the item is not fulfilled from Singapore stock.

ITEM CATEGORY

TAS — third-party item

Controls direct-delivery behaviour and order-related billing. It tells SAP that external procurement, rather than a Singapore outbound delivery, will satisfy the sales item.

SCHEDULE LINE

Procurement-relevant demand

The determined schedule line creates the purchase requisition and carries quantity, delivery date, purchasing, account-assignment, and customer-delivery information into procurement.

GROUP SOURCING

The purchase order is the formal demand to European HQ

Singapore purchasing converts the automatically generated requisition into a purchase order. The purchase order identifies European HQ as supplier and the external customer as the delivery destination.

WHO

European HQ supplier BP

Must be extended to Singapore’s purchasing organisation and company code with purchasing, payment, currency, tax, and reconciliation data.

WHAT

Sales-order-linked PO item

Uses the designed item category and account assignment, retains the customer sales-order relationship, and preserves the external ship-to address.

HOW

Output or integration

The PO may be sent through output, EDI, middleware, or another agreed interface. European HQ’s supply system does not have to be the same SAP system.

EUROPEAN FULFILMENT

The goods bypass Singapore

European HQ accepts the group demand, creates its supply-side order and delivery, posts goods issue, and ships to the customer address provided by Singapore.

ORDER CONFIRMATION

Can Europe meet the requested date?

The confirmed quantity and date must return to Singapore so the customer promise remains realistic.

DELIVERY EVIDENCE

Did Europe ship the correct goods?

Delivery, PGI, carrier reference, proof of delivery, serial or batch data, and customer destination provide fulfilment evidence.

NO SINGAPORE STOCK

No physical goods receipt

The illustrated design uses no stock receipt in Singapore. If configured, a statistical goods receipt may record progress without creating inventory.

INTERNAL SETTLEMENT

European HQ’s invoice becomes Singapore’s purchase cost

Europe bills Singapore using the agreed intercompany or transfer price. Singapore posts the invoice against the purchase order and records the affiliated-company payable.

EUROPEAN HQ

Internal sale to Singapore

Recognises the supply-side revenue, related tax where applicable, and intercompany receivable according to the approved legal and accounting model.

SINGAPORE

Purchase from European HQ

Uses invoice verification to record the group payable and the designed purchase cost, COGS, or clearing account. Currency, quantity, and price differences remain visible.

EXTERNAL BILLING

Singapore invoices the customer

The sales item is order-related rather than delivery-related because Singapore does not create the customer shipment. In the illustrated design, the supplier invoice is required before customer billing becomes due.

SUPPLIER INVOICEDr Purchase cost / COGS or clearingCr Intercompany payable

Singapore records what it owes European HQ.

CUSTOMER BILLINGDr Customer receivableCr Revenue + tax where applicable

Singapore records the external commercial sale.

CUSTOMER PAYMENTDr Bank or clearingCr Customer receivable

Singapore closes the customer open item when payment is matched.

WHAT MUST CONNECT

The chain depends on six connected designs

A correct setting in one module cannot compensate for a broken hand-off elsewhere.

01

Organisations and partners

Singapore sales area, purchasing organisation and company code; European HQ supplier BP; Singapore internal-customer representation in Europe.

02

Material and source

Sales and purchasing extensions, item-category group, source list or purchasing info record, delivering supplier, customer ship-to address.

03

Sales control

Order type, TAS item category, procurement schedule line, billing relevance, credit behaviour, and incompletion.

04

Purchasing control

PR creation, PO type, item category, account assignment, release, output, confirmation, and invoice receipt.

05

Billing and value

Transfer price, customer price, order-related billing, invoice dependency, tax, account determination, and output.

06

Integration and evidence

PO transmission, order confirmation, shipment status, supplier invoice, document references, error handling, and reconciliation ownership.

Example

A Singapore sales company accepts an order from a regional customer. The TAS item creates a purchase requisition and purchase order to European HQ. Europe ships directly to the customer and invoices Singapore. Singapore posts the supplier invoice, then creates the order-related customer invoice.

CONTINUE THE PATHContinue to Intercompany 303

Read the complete practitioner swimlane across setup, Singapore sales and purchasing, European HQ supply, warehouse, customer, billing, and Finance.

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